An increased number of the urinary component described in a given plate is most consistent with which condition?

• A. Acute glomerulonephritis
• B. Biliary tract obstruction
• C. Contamination from vaginal discharge
• D. Nephrotic syndrome

Answer: (A)

The key idea is that an increase in red blood cells in the urine (hematuria) points to bleeding from the kidneys themselves, which is typical of glomerular injury. In acute glomerulonephritis, inflammation damages the glomerular capillary walls, allowing red blood cells to leak into the filtrate. On a urine sediment plate this shows up as many red blood cells, and sometimes red cell casts, indicating that the source of bleeding is the glomeruli rather than the lower urinary tract. That pattern fits acute glomerulonephritis best.

Biliary tract obstruction would not primarily cause hematuria; urine might appear dark due to bile pigments, but RBCs wouldn’t be the defining finding. Contamination from vaginal discharge would bring in squamous epithelial cells and bacteria rather than a predominance of red blood cells. Nephrotic syndrome centers on heavy proteinuria and lipiduria, with oval fat bodies seen in sediment, rather than a primary increase in red cells.