A 40-year-old female with nephrotic syndrome features, which condition is suggested?

• A. Multiple myeloma
• B. Glomerulonephritis
• C. Nephrotic syndrome
• D. Chronic renal failure

Answer: (C)

Nephrotic syndrome is defined by a cluster of features: heavy proteinuria, low serum albumin (hypoalbuminemia), edema, and often hyperlipidemia. When a patient presents with these nephrotic features, the condition described by those findings is nephrotic syndrome itself. The other options don’t match this specific set of signs as directly: multiple myeloma can cause kidney problems and sometimes heavy proteinuria, but it’s a plasma cell cancer with broader systemic implications; glomerulonephritis refers to inflammatory diseases of the glomeruli and can present nephrotic or nephritic, but the question centers on the nephrotic syndrome pattern; chronic renal failure is a later result of prolonged kidney disease and isn’t defined by the nephrotic feature set. So the most fitting diagnosis given the nephrotic features is nephrotic syndrome.